Kiliani-fischer Synthesis of Monosaccharides

Kiliani-fischer Synthesis of Monosaccharides Teoh Shi Hao Sean Presentation Monosaccharides are the most fundamental unit of starches, assuming a basic job in the organic chemistry of life. The most significant and ordinarily happening structure is glucose, utilized as a vitality source in cells (Solomon et al., 2011). Monosaccharides have the concoction recipe (CH2O)n (where n 3) however those with at least eight carbons are unprecedented because of their intrinsic unsteadiness (Solomon et al., 2011; McMurry, 2008). In a monosaccharide particle, every carbon molecule has a hydroxyl bunch clung to it, aside from one which has an oxygen iota twofold attached to it rather subsequently shaping a carbonyl gathering (Solomon et al., 2011). The monosaccharide is an aldehyde if the carbonyl gathering is situated toward the finish of the chain, and a ketone if the carbonyl gathering is situated at some other position. Monosaccharides can exist in non-cyclic or cyclic structures, and typically switch between the two structures (McMurry, 2008). The Kiliani-Fischer com bination is a method for protracting these significant biomolecules. System Figure 1 beneath shows the response condition of the method. A beginning sugar is first responded with sodium cyanide to shape cyanohydrin, and in this manner hydrolysed through the use of warmth to frame two diastereomeric aldonic corrosive lactone intermediates. These intermediates are later isolated through detachment strategies, for example, chromatography, and the ideal lactone is decreased utilizing a sodium amalgam to frame a resultant sugar that has one carbon particle more than the beginning sugar. In this composed survey, the beginning sugar will be an aldopentose and the resultant sugar will be an aldohexose. Figure 1 †Reaction condition of the Kiliani-Fischer amalgamation (Kilini-Fischer blend, 2014; Fischer, 1890). Nucleophilic expansion of aldehyde to frame cyanohydrin The first step in Quite a while Fischer amalgamation includes nucleophilic expansion of the beginning sugar, an aldehyde. NaCN and H2O are utilized as reagents (McMurry, 2008). Figure 2 underneath shows the system of the response. A solitary pair on a CN particle starts the response by assaulting the nucleophilic carbon iota at the carbonyl gathering, framing a tetrahedral middle of the road. The O at that point assaults the H particle of a H2O atom, framing a cyanohydrin. Figure 2 †Reaction of beginning sugar to shape cyanohydrin. Hydrolysis of cyanohydrin to shape aldonic corrosive The second step in Kiliani-Fischer union includes the hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin to shape aldonic corrosive (McMurry, 2008). H2O is utilized as the reagent, with heat applied. Figure 3 underneath shows the component of the response. The solitary pair on the O of OH, shaped by the auto-ionization of water, assaults the nucleophilic C of the cyanohydrin framing a trigonal planar structure. The solitary pair on the N at that point assaults a H of a H2O particle, trailed by the twofold obligation of C=N assaulting the H iota attached to the OH gathering. The resultant particle is an amide. An OH particle at that point assaults the nucleophilic carbon at the carbonyl gathering, framing a tetrahedral middle of the road that crumples with NH2 leaving as a leaving gathering. An aldonic corrosive atom is framed. Figure 3 †Hydrolysis of cyanohydrin to shape aldonic corrosive. Esterification of aldonic corrosive to shape lactone middle of the road and ensuing decrease to frame resultant sugar With a similar reagent of H2O and states of warmth, the aldonic corrosive delivered from the hydrolysis of cyanohydrin experiences esterification to frame lactone intermediates (McMurry, 2008). Figure 4 underneath shows the system of the response. A solitary pair on the O at the carbonyl gathering of COOH assaults a proton created by the auto-ionization of water. The tautomer of the subsequent middle of the road has a nucleophilic carbon, C1, which is assaulted by a solitary pair present on the OH bunch on the opposite finish of the aldonic corrosive chain. The electrons from the O-H obligation of the assaulting OH bunch is pulled back by the O+, and the subsequent proton is assaulted by a solitary pair on the OH bunch connected to C1. The solitary pair from the O of the other OH bunch appended to C1 structures a second bond among C and O, and a H2O atom leaves as a leaving gathering. The electrons from the O-H bond at that point frames a second bond among C and O, and a proton leave s. A lactone transitional is framed. At long last, the lactone middle of the road is diminished utilizing a sodium amalgam, Na(Hg), to frame the resultant aldohexose monosaccharide (McMurry, 2008). Reagents utilized are sodium amalgam and sulphuric corrosive, in cool arrangement (Fischer, 1890). Figure 5 beneath shows the response condition. The specific component of decrease by sodium amalgam is obscure as of right now (Keck et al., 1994). Figure 4 †Esterification of aldonic corrosive to frame lactone middle of the road. Figure 5 †Reduction of aldonic corrosive to resultant sugar. History and advancement The Kiliani-Fischer combination is named after German scientific experts Heinrich Kiliani and Hermann Emil Fischer. Its unique intention was to clarify every one of the 16 stereoisomers of aldohexoses, as accomplished by Fischer. Key revelations that to the advancement of this method included: (1) Louis Pasteur’s knowledge that the â€Å"molecule of tartaric corrosive came in two structures that were reflect images†, or isomers, of each other, and that every one of these isomers pivoted enraptured light in various ways (Wagner, 2004, p.240), (2) Jacobus H. van’t Hoff’s and J. A. Le Bel’s understanding of the â€Å"concept of a deviated carbon atom†, that isomers of mixes exist in spite of indistinguishable substance formulae in view of topsy-turvy carbon iotas, and the connection among stereochemistry and optical action (Wagner, 2004, p.240), and (3) Fischer’s making of phenylhydrazine, a reagent that responds with sugar particles to s hape osazones. Preceding the revelation of this strategy, generally little was thought about the basic properties of monosaccharides. It was hard to consider monosaccharides on account of their â€Å"tendency to frame syrups as opposed to solids that could be disintegrated and solidified easily† (Wagner, 2004). Be that as it may, Fischer found phenylhydrazine which when responded with aldonic acids (shaped by oxidation of sugars) structures osazones (Kunz, 2002). These sugar subsidiaries could be disconnected effectively through crystallization, and had physical structures that could be recognized from each other (Kunz, 2002). Their resulting investigation permitted Fischer to recognize and isolate isomers of the monosaccharides (Wagner, 2004). The aldonic corrosive can be recovered by expansion of baryta water, or fluid arrangement of barium hydroxide, to the isolated osazone (Fischer, 1890). The then refined aldonic corrosive can be dissipated to change into welling-taking shape lactone fo r additional investigation (Fischer, 1890). Utilizing this method, Fischer found that two unmistakable monosaccharides, D-glucose and D-mannose, yield the equivalent osazone in light of the fact that osazone development decimates the asymmetry about C2 without influencing the remainder of the particle (Wagner, 2004). Moreover, the lactones of D-glucose and D-mannose turned enraptured light in various ways. Accordingly, he reasoned that D-glucose and D-mannose have indistinguishable structures yet were perfect representations of each other (Wagner, 2004). In any case, their precise structures were as yet obscure. In 1886, Kiliani found a technique to extend the carbon chain of a natural atom, utilizing cyanide as a reagent to frame cyanohydrin (McMurry, 2012). Fischer understood the capability of this disclosure in propelling the investigation of sugars, including an extra advance to change over the cyanohydrin nitrile bunch into an aldehyde (McMurry, 2012). In this way, the Kiliani-Fischer combination was made. This new method permitted Fischer to explore further into the stereoisomerism of monosaccharides and proceed off where he last halted †that D-glucose and D-mannose were stereoisomers yet of obscure structures. Applications Explanation of aldohexose stereoisomers Figure 5 on the correct shows the general structure of an aldohexose. So as to apply the Kiliani-Fischer union in the clarification of aldohexose stereoisomers, Fischer needed to initially make a beginning supposition that the â€OH gathering of D-glucose at C5 was on the correct side (Wagner, 2004). L-arabinose is an aldopentose having five carbon particles. Its precise structure had been deciphered by Fischer, and is lopsided at C2, C3 and Câ ­4 as appeared in Figure 6 on the right. Fischer found that the Kiliani-Fischer combination changed over L-arabinose into both D-glucose and D-mannose (Wagner, 2004). This in this way inferred D-glucose and D-mannose had a similar arrangement about C3, C4 and C5 as the comparable to carbons in L-arabinose (C2, C3 and C4 separately) (Wagner, 2004). This understanding drove Fischer to utilize L-arabinose related to D-glucose and D-mannose as materials for additional examination. Fischer found that oxidizing L-arabinose made an item that was optically dynamic (Wagner, 2004). On the off chance that the beginning supposition made by Fischer was valid, at that point this inferred the â€OH bunch at C2 in L-arabinose (and consequently C3 in D-glucose and D-mannose) must be on the left side or the item would be optically latent (Wagner, 2004). Next, Fischer established that oxidizing D-glucose and D-mannose brought about dicarboxylic acids that were optically dynamic (Wagner, 2004). This suggested the â€OH bunch at C4 in D-glucose and D-mannose (and in this way C3 in L-arabinose) must be on the correct side or the item would be optically inert (Wagner, 2004). At long last, Fischer found that oxidizing D-gulose brought about a similar dicarboxylic corrosive as that of D-glucose (Wagner, 2004). Through rationale, Fischer understood this inferred the â€OH bunch at C2 in D-glucose must be on the correct side. Sorting out all the data, Fischer at long last decided the specific structure of D-glucose and D-mannose, as appeared in Figure 7 beneath.

Professional development & critical reflection Essay

Proficient improvement and basic reflection - Essay Example †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Demonstrate a fundamentally intelligent comprehension of a scope of social and individual variables which can influence children’s and youthful people’s prosperity and improvement inside and outside of the school/setting; †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Show comprehension of how to distinguish these elements comparable to specific kids/understudies; 2. Guarantee that you exhibit itemized information and comprehension of key ideas and speculations, through clearness or composing and that you know about and show the temporary idea of information 3. You have to show proof of a general basic methodology expanding on your utilization of fitting writing, by your individual judgment and reflection. Take a gander at the title and the rules all the more painstakingly Agreed Provisional Mark †might be liable to change until affirmed by the proper evaluation board First Marker’s Name Second Marker’s/Moderator’s name, where suitable A d uplicate of this sheet must be held with the coursework thing. Proficient Development and Critical Reflection Introduction This paper, by reference to a contextual analysis of Child An and the important writing gives a basic impression of the social and individual factors that can impact a kid or a youthful person’s government assistance and advancement both at school and outside of school. Moreover, this paper will show a comprehension of how these elements are recognized by reference to explicit kid or understudy. In doing as such, this paper will delineate information and comprehension of the essential ideas and speculations. Youngster A Background Information Previous school evaluations and my own appraisal uncover that Child A will be a multi year old male understudy who is rehashing the main year as a result of learning challenges. Two years... This paper, by reference to a contextual analysis of Child An and the important writing gives a basic impression of the social and individual factors that can impact a kid or a youthful person’s government assistance and improvement both at school and outside of school. In like manner, this paper will exhibit a comprehension of how these variables are recognized by reference to explicit youngster or understudy. In doing as such, this paper will show information and comprehension of the essential ideas and hypotheses. Past school appraisals and my own evaluation uncover that Child A will be a multi year old male understudy who is rehashing the main year as a result of learning troubles. Two years of audit uncovers that Child A’s essential language is English. He has language-based troubles, numbers-based challenges and poor engine abilities. Kid A’s language-based troubles are showed by the way that he tends to compose letters of the letter set and numbers backwar d. He additionally every now and again mistakes capital letters for lower case letters. Perceptions/evaluations likewise uncover that Child An is independent and doesn't associate with other youngsters. Truth be told, Child A has been depicted as an introvert. Moreover, Child An experiences issues with intellectual working in that his ability to focus is very short and he experiences issues moving between various tasks. He requires basic and separated guidance and grown-up management so as to get him to center and complete errands. Visual guides are likewise required to connect with Child An in homeroom learning and guidance.

Exploring an Organization - International Student and Scholar Office Essay

Investigating an Organization - International Student and Scholar Office - Essay Example The ISSO is the home for some worldwide understudies and scientists by virtue of it gives organizations and an intriguing area. This intriguing affiliation includes the head of the ISSO and three warm aides. ISSO is considered as a go-to office for all understudies and specialists, and what's more workforce and staff in regards to the matter of issues or requests related to overall preparing. ISSO is satisfied with its strange condition of customer organization. The workplace is satisfied with its educated staff, two or three whom are extensively seen in the all inclusive learning field. The aides of the workplace are available for 15 minutes walk around guidance or researchers could accomplish them by booking a course of action for additional assessments. They give understudies major assorted learning. Other than that, the ISSO pioneers have gone miles in guaranteeing the government assistance of understudies is dealt with. They have enlisted International Student Advisers (ISA). Th e ISAs essentially help every one of those on concentrates with the help of their budgetary, culture, relocation status, individual concerns and occupation guidelines. Guides are for the most part counseled when there are dire or genuine worries that may influence the understudies learning. Understudies obtain budgetary help, for example, credits and grants from ISSO. Also, the affiliation bolsters various tasks for newcomers follow up on. For example, the International Students Council, the fellowship universal and the I-Lead. The International Leadership Education Academy for Development (I-LEAD) venture is made out of the International Students and Scholars Office (ISSO) to enable the individuals who to concentrate in prevailing just as in creating administration aptitudes. There is a persuasive award for global understudies who connect with themselves in the program and complete it effectively. The researchers to partake and the money was given out can be utilized well to clear school expenses and provide food for any close to home effects.â Additionally, there are authority aptitudes that are procured other than the grant they get.

History and Political science Essay - 550 Words

History and Political science (Essay Sample) Content: History and Political scienceNameCourseTutorDateAfter 1965 and the justification of American involvement in Vietnam, there was criticism. The critics wanted to air the real reason why there was American involvement in Vietnam other than the common explanation of protecting the freedom and independence of South Vietnamese (Bishop 22). Also, they wanted to highlight the neglect to homeland issues the war caused. There was a racial nightmare in the course of the Vietnam war After 1965, the menace of racial discriminations and the onset of uprising by the blacks against it was rampant and spilling over to the war zone.The civil rights movements became vocal and the focus of the great society plans faced a stern test. The programs were started to alleviate poverty by offering education to the less educated and less privileged in all races (Woods 13).They gradually faced criticism due to high costs. There would be higher costs to produce useful trainees out of all the peo ple who enrolled in Job Corps. The civil rights movement saw cause for alarm as the war in south East Asia consumed a lot of resources that could have otherwise been used to fund the government programs. Therefore, due to the war in Vietnam, the activists saw the war on poverty in America as underfunded yet the war was not necessary. With the war, the promises of the great society highlighted by President Lyndon B. Johnson failed to materialize as planned. As a consequence, the blacks and the poor whites were the bearers of the heaviest consequences of the war. The young Americans through a publication quoted "the proclaimed peaceful intentions of the United states contradicted its economic and military investments in the cold war (Schaller 301). The young generation was concerned by the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s concentration of the war in Vietnam rather than addressing the Negro troubles in the south.The upheavals caused by civil rights movements brought to the masses the extent to w hich the government was deeply getting involved in military matter in South Vietnam. The publications such as that made by a university of Michigan student known as the Port Huron statement served to highlight the inequities that the government exercised and the neglect they did to the mainland in the course of the war. Through the statement, the concern by the students for democratic society asserted that the goals of America during the period were ambiguous and were being managed traditionally rather than that which was informed and clear. This influenced people to believe that the government had no concern for the opinion of the people yet it states to rule by democracy which is "of, by and for the people. (Schaller 301)The actions of the civil rights movements thus helped to show the reduced attention to the great society goal and equality of Ameri...

Comparison of Turkeys in the Kitchen and You Just Walk on...

In the essays, â€Å"Turkeys in the Kitchen† by Dave Barry, and â€Å"Just Walk on By† by Brent Staples, they argue the theme of gender, and racial stereotypes that have been present in our world from the very beginning. Barry suggests through a sarcastic and humors tone that gender stereotypes have been present since before the start of time; he uses a highly conversational style to prove this, as well as narrates to give the reader a better understanding of exactly what he’s talking about. Staples, on the other hand, uses a more authoritative tone to support his theme of racial stereotyping; he also uses the mode of rhetoric exemplification to his benefit, and is able to show the audience that this issue is just as important as the gender†¦show more content†¦When looking deeper into where stereotypes really began it is evident that the media was the main influencer in not only gender stereotypes, but also a huge proponent in racial stereotypes.  "Racism and the media touches directly the problem of ideology, since the media’s main sphere of operations is the production and transformation of ideologies† (Dines/Humez18.) An ideology is basically a system of ideas that is specifically formed around economic and political theories, making racial stereotypes fit into this category flawlessly. This quote is basically saying that people will stereotype anyone based on their skin color, to match an idea of what they have in their head. For example, a common stereotype is that all African American men have stolen something within the span of their life; so if you see an African American male approaching your car window you may feel the need to lock your doors. However, when looking at the bigger picture you may discover that just because the mans skin is a different color, doesn’t mean that he is any different from you or me. So how did these stereotypes become so popular among our nation? Well, once media took o ver, it alone changed a lot of the world how we knew it, and racial/gender stereotypes were one of the major areas impacted. Around thirty-nine years ago a young scholar of African AmericanShow MoreRelatedFor Against by L.G. 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Blake s Use Of Nature Through Songs Of Innocence

Tai Beiserman Professor Nachumi ENGL 1100 26 April 2015 Blake’s use of nature through Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience William â€Å"Bill† Cronon, an environmental historian and vice Chair of The Wilderness Society, believes that because society differ its self from the nature, it makes the nature to be seen as wild, remote, and inaccessible. In his essay â€Å"The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature†, published in 1995 by the New York Times and in Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature, Cronon traced the idea of wilderness throughout American history. Cronon presents the potential danger in society’s traditional concept of wilderness. He points out how society detached itself from nature simply by idealizing it and thinking of it as something distant and remote. Approaching the concept of nature in this way leads to an ultimate separation of us, as members of society, from what we could consider to be our true home. 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These t wo authors have different views on what it means to be a child and how they are portrayed in this era. Compared to now, Children in Blake’s eyes are seen as people that need guidance and need to be taught certain lessonsRead More Blakes Portrayal of Creation in Songs of Innocence and Experience1890 Words   |  8 PagesIn Jerusalem, Blake famously asserted that I will not reason and compare: my business is to create. This quote highlights the fact that Blake himself was participating in an inventive process. Northrop Frye commented that man in his creative acts and perceptions is God, and God is man? mans creativity is, for Blake, the manifestation of the divine. The Songs of Innocence and Experience deal with life and the move, in particular, from youth to age. Creation is an extremely important aspect

PIllow Method free essay sample

As a child I never could empathize with anyone. I could argue, understand, heartily debate a discussion from both sides but show no real love or loyalties to either side. Maybe Im missing the exact definition of empathy; I don’t know. Looking back, I feel like I was living an extremely unusual childhood where learning how to take either side was a matter of self preservation. It wasn’t until I began taking college courses that I learned how to share the feelings of others and actually find a belief of my own to hold on to. I also discovered that as a young girl I was using the technique called the pillow method without realizing that was what I had been doing. Apparently this method was developed by a group of Japanese schoolchildren, and gets its names from the fact that a problem has four sides and a middle, just like a pillow. We will write a custom essay sample on PIllow Method or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An example of when I used the pillow method was when a friend and I were discussing the laws regarding marriage as a legal right via a popular social networking site. I found faults with his opinion that marriage was a personal choice between two consenting partners as opposed to a government controlled issue. The First Step of the pillow method is taking the Im Right, Youre Wrong stance, which is the first point I usually begin an argument. (regardless of the situation). As we continued talking, I tried to transition into a better, genteel way of getting my viewpoint across. Thereby, causing the conversation to progress to Step two, which is Youre Right, Im Wrong. I thought about everything my friend was saying and why he might think that marriage should not be a legally binding contract. I began to see that he had more valid points to his argument than simply parroting a political partys platform. After that. it was natural enough to carry the conversation to Step Three. In my opinion, Step three is easier to discuss than Step two. Step three is seeing that were Both Right, Both Wrong. At this point in our discussion, My friend and I began to have more of a heated argument but eventually began to compromise. Together we made a list of all the valid points of both sides of the issues verses the weaknesses of our perspective arguments. Throughout the course of the online exchange, we saw that there were a few perspectives that we both agreed on. Eventually we both came to the same conclusion (which was a part of Step four). The final step in applying the pillow method to a conflict, Step four is that The Issue Isnt as Important as It Seems As we continued to talk about marriage as a legally binding contact or a commitment between partners we realized that this was not a situation that we would be dealing with in the near future. Although it is one of todays more controversial subjects among our peers, we were able to see that both sides were correct, and by working together a better, more accurate perspective could be taken into consideration. I feel like after discovering that I have employed the pillow method my entire life, I have no more real empathy than as a child. Once again, it takes college classes to try and to connect on a deeper level with my fellow human beings.

The Union Leader The Schools Secret to Success Leads to Its Shame Essay Example For Students

The Union Leader: The Schools Secret to Success Leads to Its Shame Essay For the past many years the Stratfield School in Fairfield, Connecticut has been a school where a parents were preparing his or her son or daughter for the Ivy League Level. For some reason or another, the students in this school scored 40 percent higher that all of the other nine local elementary schools on the standardized tests. Unfortunately the only thing that was different in this school was that they were unknowingly cheating. It was proven that many of the answers that were marked incorrectly were changed, and of the answers changed 89 percent were changed from wrong to right. Something seemed fishy for a long time, and it took a man by the name of Jeffrey Matthews being elected on the School Board to help find and solve this dilemma. Well the principle, whether committing the actual crime, or having total knowledge of it, resigned his post at the age of 57, and after the $206,000 cost of the investigation, the students of Stratfiels School are now as normal on paper, as they are in real life. We will write a custom essay on The Union Leader: The Schools Secret to Success Leads to Its Shame specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now My comment on this situation would be that this could easily could have been avoided just by having more than one person be in charge of these very important test. It is not the fault of the students, or really the parents, but the School Board for not paying attention to the situation.

buy custom Racism and Anti-Semitism essay

buy custom Racism and Anti-Semitism essay Since pre-Independence time the United States of America has had challenges of racism and anti-Semitism affecting its people. American people have tried to mitigate the problem, but with limited impact due to peoples` attitude, culture, among other social economic issues. In operationalization of the terms, Dictionart.com (2005) defines racism as a doctrine or belief that intrinsically differentiates traits, behaviors, and lifestyles according to the human races. In modern times, racism signifies discrimination based on human race. Anti-Semitism, on the other hand, simply means discrimination or hatred towards Jews (ADL, 2001). It can also imply hatred to any group attributed to Jews or Jewish ethnicity and religion. Anti-Semitism started during Adolf Hitler regime in 1930s, where he spearheaded a campaign against Jews. It reached its Climax during the Second World War where Hitler killed six million Jews in Europe. Anti-Semitism since then has spread all over the world, including Am erica. On the other hand, racism became a big issue during the slave trade, where Arabs traded Africans as goods to the whites, hence African slave trade, was rampant in America (Herf, 2007). Racism and anti-Semitism are crimes against humanity, because they involve torture, discrimination and suffering of human beings (Herf, 2007). America is one of the countries, which face a big problem of presence racism among its races and anti-Semitism that results to a lot of suffering and injustice of the victims. Since colonial era, racism has been a major issue in the United States, as earlier stated. It has caused a heavy burden and suffering to the African American, Native Americans, Latin Americans, Asian Americans and all migrants from other countries. The Anglo Americans, commonly known as the European Americans, have more privileges and enjoy more rights than the other Americans. These privileges are seen in the following areas; literacy, education, employment, health care, and justice among other social economic benefits. Access to education undergoes racial influences since the minorities (African American, Native Americans, Latin Americans, and Asian Americans) in the US who have lack of presence in American Universities. In 2003, the then president of the United States of America made an affirmation that racism is present in America (Taylor, 2003). In his speech, he said that racial prejudice was present in the American Colleges and Campuses. Here the president made the case of affirmation that there was poor presentation of some races in access of education. Racism in learning institutions is also present in the policies, rules, regulations and student enrollment. Currently, Bob Jones University an evangelical based university in Greenville, South Carolina, has an interracial dating policy that prohibits students from different races dating (The Associated Press, 2008). This policy mainly affects the minority in the university since they cannot interact freely with the others in fear of not to be accused of interracial relationship. This discriminative policy violates civil rights of people in having relationships. Such policies in learning institutions advocate for racism and as a result, other racial discriminations arise in these institutions. For instance, the authorities have accused the same university in 2008 of being racially hurtful, because it was enrolling few minority races students in the US (The Associated Press, 2008). Due to the schools racial policy, other racial issues emerge like the issue of enrolling students in Bob Jones University. This university is just one example of many leaning institution in the US, which have racism. They blame the employment sector that discriminates Black Americans. Analysts take employment racism to be the major contribution factor to rapid increasing poverty levels among the African Americans as compared to whites. Taylor (2003) asserted that the Blacks have low chances of being employed, when the economy is flourishing, consequently having high chances of losing their jobs, when the economy is going down. Taylor (2003) also says that during economic recession, job loses affect mostly the construction and the manufacturing industry, which employ mostly the Blacks. In 2001 during the economic recessing, unemployment among the blacks rose from 10% to 11%, while there was a negligible change in job loss and unemployment among the White Americans (Taylor, 2003). For instance, at Coca-Cola company in the US (with only 18% Black employees), during the economic recession of 1990, had 42% of the black employees lose their jobs. Also in Sears, which had 15.9% Black employees, more tha n 54% who lost their jobs were the Blacks (Taylor, 2003). This is a clear inappropriate distribution of employment opportunities in American companies based on race. Still on the same issue of racism in employment, there shocking finding by University of Chicago showing that job applicants with the names, which sound black are twice not likely to be shortlisted and be called for an interview. The same study also showed that the Whites with criminal records got more interview calls, than those who are black without criminal records (Tyehimba, 2003). It is evident that there are racial policies among American companies, which remain hidden at the individual institutional level with the Blacks being discriminated in the employment sector. The racismpandemic is present in the very basic right of access to health care. African Americans experience more problems in accessing health facilities and care than white Americans. From a report by ASPE (2011), it shows that 20% of African Americans in the US do not have health coverage. As a result the Blacks in US die six years younger than the other Americans and birth mortality rates among the Blacks are twice as those of Whites. This implies that the health care system of the US has a weakness, which allows unequal access to health care. Health care is a fundamental human right that supposed to be equal to all the U.S. citizens. The justice system in the US is another sector highly affected by racism. Currently the Blacks make up 13% of the total population in America and shockingly 50% of the nations prison population is comprised of blacks (Unlocking America, 2007). The first question one would ask is, do not the Whites in America commit crime like other Whites in white dominated countries? The answer to this question lies to only one thing, racism. In Maryland, Washington D.C. and Baltimore, more than 50% of African Americans males are under jurisdiction of criminal justice (Unlocking America, 2007). Forty percent of people sentenced to death are black, while the total proportion of the Blacks in the US is only 6% (Unlocking America, 2007). In addition, Unlocking America (2007) shows that the Latinos and Blacks are much more cruelly treated than white in the juvenile justice system. All the above statistical facts show the extent of racism in the justice system in America since Blacks are out rightly disc riminated. Anti-Semitism in America Despite the US setting up many systems to control anti-Semitism, there are current instances of anti-Semitism seen. Dinnerstein (2004) claimed anti-Semitism was increasing as from a research done in 2004. Dinnersteins predictions are true as confirmed by Benari (2011) that 15% of Americans are anti-Semitic. It was on March 3, 2003, when James P. Moran (a then Democratic Congress man from Virginia) blamed the Jews for the war in Iraq (Dinnerstein, 2004). Many people in the U.S.A. considered this as an anti-Semitic statement. It was an anti-Semitic statement, because Moran accused the Jews for problems in Iraq, which is not true, because Jews played a minor role in the war in Iraq, in fact, the US was the major influence for that war but not the Jews. This was a direct false accusation to the Jews community hence the statement qualifying to be an act of anti-Semitism. In 2002, the anti-Defamation League (ADL) found out that most George Washington University faculty members were against the Israel treatment to Palestine (Dinnerstein, 2004). Later in the same year, the president of the university made a calling to the American firms to withdraw their investments in Israel. By the end of the year, other universities made a similar call including MIT, the University of California at Berkeley, Harvard, the University of Michigan and the University of Texas at Austin. The call of the major American universities for American investors to withdraw their investments in Israel was anti-Semitism, because any attack to the Israel government is an attack to the Jews. The universities were anti-Semitic by attributing the problems faced in Palestine, while not looking at other factors, which resulted to the problems in Palestine like corruption, dictatorial leadership, fanaticism and terrorism. Therefore, the skewed accusation to the Jews by the American Univers ities was an act of anti-Semitism. The other aspect that affects the Jews in the US is the hype with the media. Televisions, magazines, and newspapers help making anti-Semitic news by changing the true general picture of events to Jewish specified issue. In 2003 the Conference of Presidents of Major Jewish American Organizations has noted that there were a lot of misinformation on the Jews by the media (Dinnerstein, 2004). This kind of media hype may have a large effect since most of the citizens in America trust the media; therefore, if it gives inappropriate information on any issues, the citizens are likely to take it as true. Anti-Semitic statements made by the media can have a devastating effect to the nation since many will believe in the news. They spend their efforts and time to overcome anti-Semitism in the US, but there are still cases of the dreadful and it is rapidly spreading. Counter arguments on racism in America An article posted in the internet by Uroskie (2008), affirmed that there is no racism in America. In the article, the writer said that the word racist was misused and there were no racists in the US. In his argument, Uroskie (2008) said that, when someone claimed that a particular candidate is running for president, because is black, he was not a racist. He went ahead and said that people who made statements like; he is a nigger and calling a black woman, the cleaning lady were not racist. In his argument, he said that this people were racists only after making a mere statement without an actual racial did. Of course, critics like Uroskie will claim racism is not present in education, employment, health sector, and in the judiciary. In the edducation sector, the argue is continuing as for the Blacks who might be lazy and do not put efforts in studies like the Whites, as to qualify to the universities. Some critics like the scientist who claim Blacks are less intelligent than Whites would use that in defense on presence of racism in America. Critics would argue the same arguments of laziness and less intelligence among the Blacks on the issue of racism in employment, because the Whites are the majority that is why they have many jobs in the US. Others would say the access to health is not a racial issue since everyone is obliged to pay for health coverage and if one cannot afford health coverage, it is not a racial issue but an issue of poverty. This is to imply that access to health should to be not only a racial issue, but an economic issue as well. In the judiciary department, critics would say crime is a personal responsibility and not to be taken as a racial issue. They would say if a person commits a crime regardless of the race, should be prosecuted and the Blacks in jail are there, because they committed crime, but not because they are Black. This implies that the 50% Black population in prisons are criminals who deserve to be in jail. Counter arguments on anti-Semitism in America Some people believe that the new anti-Semitism overseen in the media is untrue. In their arguments, these critics claim anti-Semitism ended time ago in America, but other people want the world to believe anti-Semitism is still present in the US. One such critic is the founder (Michael Lerner) of Tikkun magazine, a magazine referred by many to as self-hating Jews magazine, who asserts that there is no anti-Semitism in America. Lerner (2007), claims that the new anti-Semitism is a propaganda created by the Jews to cover up Israels crimes against humanity to the Palestinians. He points out that the Israelites use this strategy to silence those who criticize their crimes. Learner (2007) believes that Israel policies are similar to apartheid systems. This implies that anti-Semitism accusations are untrue and are from Jews to cover up their crimes. In his article, Lerner (2007) protects the media, especially his magazine by saying that the media gives the information as it gets it and it d oes not make up stories on anti-Semitism. This is to imply that the media should be responsible for the anti-Semitism accusations in America. Response to racism in America counter-arguments Uroskie makes the most absurd argument on racism since his statements sent a racism picture. If such statements exist, they will lead to the whole society using them and claiming they are not racist. Just consider the effect such statements will have on our children. What kind of adults will they become with such philosophies like: the black woman is the cleaner? The future is wanting, if then such statements are not racial statements. The arguments made that the Blacks are lazy and less intelligent than the White is untrue. This is so, because there have been very intelligent Blacks, who have made greater contribution in science, politics, economy, sociology among the other fields. In addition, the current American President is Black and he is intelligent enough to lead such a super power country. Otherwise, it has not true scientifically that the Blacks are less intelligent than the Whites are. On the issue of health, critics are wrong in blaming poverty and poor economic status in inability of the Blacks to access health care. This is because the increasing poverty among the Blacks is a contribution of racism in America. Nonetheless, there was a proposal for universal health policy in the US, which was under criticism. This shows that their some Americans who do not want the poor to get sufficient health care. Yes, it is true that crime is a personal responsibility but not a racial issue. Do not the Whites in US commit crime like other whites in white dominated countries? Then what about the unfair treatment in the juvenile prisons of Black prisoners, is that also their responsibility? This questions drive to presence of racism in American judiciary system. Michael Lerner and other critics who think anti-Semitism is not present in America are very wrong. What Lerner is doing is defending his anti-Semitic statements and actions since the war of Palestine and Israel is an issue of land, but not race. Israel has a right to defend its land as well as any other country. Therefore, it does no wrong in doing so. Implicating that Israel has apartheid system of governance is an anti-Semitism statement since Israelites are Jews. In addition, Lerner uses his magazines to spread anti-Semitic messages, and if it is not true then why does his magazine refer to as self hating Jews magazine? Media like Lerners magazine is truly spreading anti-Semitism to Americans. From the arguments raised above, it is lucid that racism and anti-Semitism are present in America and it is time for the Americans to face the bull on its horns and deals with the racism and anti-Semitism before they affect the entire country. Buy custom Racism and Anti-Semitism essay

Consolidated Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Consolidated Life - Essay Example Trying to attempt the behavior of Jack was not a smart thing to do; Mike would have been better served to try to get Jack onside rather than making an enemy out of him. Although his plans would have had to of changed, at least with Jack as an ally Mike could have made the Supervisors Forum work better. If I was Mike then I would have sat down for an informal one-on-one meeting with Jack Greely right at the very start to deal with any problems that may exist between the pair. It is better to sort out differences before starting to work together, so this could have avoided crashing later on. It does not have to be Mike or Jack; in fact, it could be a win-win situation where both of them got what they wanted. Mike would describe the organizational culture at Consolidated Life very different to how he left it when he temporarily moved away. Before there is a carefree approach present in the workplace environment, but now with Jack Greely in charge there is much more structure and organization to the firm. Due to Mike laidback personality, he finds it difficult to thrive in an environment that appears to be so stifling to him. However, this is the way that Jack works so there is little point in complaining about it. Going to Rick to express some concerns would be a waste of time because it seems like Rick sees something in Jack that he likes. Mike needs to realize that the game has changed and he has to be the one to adapt and fit it; not the other way around. Every employee has a huge responsibility to read a firms culture and adjust to it. This is something that every employee should look to focus on when they first enter a workplace. Organizational success comes directly from the team culture that is established.  

Saftey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Saftey - Essay Example At the moment changing the clothing may take a long process. For this reason, this memo will provide some basics guidelines on how to handle a bee attack and avoiding the insects. Additionally, the memo will highlight on the steps to be followed after a bee attack. The memo will also provide guidelines on how to treat and handle immediate stings and long terms management of bee stings. Students should avoid strong scented colognes and body perfumes. Bees are easily attracted to strong scents. Considering that students are in bright attires, strong colognes make then easy targets of the insects. Students should avoid walking barefooted while in the field. Some wasps make their nests on the ground and stepping on the nest one may get their foot stung. Additionally, bees may be sucking nectar from flowers on the ground walking barefoot may result to a sting. In case of a bee sting, a person should as quickly as possible seek professional help to get the sting removed (Pearson 112). The urgency in this case reduces the amount of venom that enters the body after the sting. After the sting has been removed swelling can be minimized by compressing the affected area with ice. Bee venom is acidic and applying a base on the wound at high volumes would effectively neutralize the venom (Stengler & Balch 78). Stengler, Mark. & Balch, James. Prescription for Natural Cures: A Self-Care Guide for Treating Health Problems with Natural Remedies Including Diet, Nutrition, Supplements, and Other Holistic Methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2011.

Lego Case Study Essay Example for Free

Lego Case Study Essay In this case , LEGO needs a flexible and robust IT infrastructure with business intelligence capabilities that could help management perform better forecasting and planning. So they chose to implement SAPs Supply Chain Management (SCM) , Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), and Enterprise Resoures Planning (ERP) modules. In the ERP module includes the Human Capital Management (HCM) application for personnel administration and development. These features such as â€Å"Talent Manager† as well those for handling employee administration, reporting, and travel and time management. These advanced features allow LEGO’s HR personnel to select the best candidates, schedule their training, and create a stimulus plan to retain them. b. Discussion of why the issue/problem is important for Information Systems discipline? IT infrastructure combine with business intelligence capabilities that could help management perform better forecasting and planning. Depth integration of data mining and information systems, able to establish a new business intelligence system to increase profits and reduce costs. In this case , SAPs ERP-HCM module effectively help LEGO’s manager to select the best candidates. It is also possible to include performance measurements and get a real-time insight into HR trends. So LEGO’s manager able to track employee’s leadership potential, develop their careers, and forecast the recruiting of new employees with certain skills. In life, the data is ubiquitous, and how do we treat and use of data? Data analysis must incorporate with information, less of data analysis, probability of failure for decision-making will climbing. Data analysis is the basis of the Decision Sciences, data analysis tells just a trend, predict a phenomenon. These trends and phenomena will change over time, no one can grasp the long-lasting. Data analysis to grasp the trend, can tell you at different times with different variables can produce different views, and the mode how will correct. This reminds me of a movie, â€Å"Moneyball†, the film based on Michael Lewis’s excellent book about the business of baseball, the basic idea is: Oakland Athletics general manager Billy Beane turned the baseball industry on its head by using objectivity nd data to help pick a baseball team, instead of subjectivity and gut. It was controversial and not perfect, but he did a pretty good job at it. He broke the conventional method, using historical data and data mining method to build the evaluation model, using low cost to purchase those underrated players. Creating a team has the ability to against the famous New York Yankees. Rely on intuition to make decisions has passed, Now the most important thing is effectively to use data analysis, combining with other disciplines, especially with the combination of information systems. . Identification of who are the key stakeholders and how they are impacted by the issue/problem. LEGO’s CEO and head of HR personnel, they can do this by ERP-HCM to predict and pick the talent they need, and handling employee administration, reporting, and travel and time management. SAP’s business suite supports databases from different vendors, so that abroad managers enable to have direct access to the database system from the company’s various locations. d. What is required for the successful continuation of the new method? SAPsbusiness suite is based on a flexible three-tier client-server architecture. In the first tier, a client interface submits user’s requests. The application servers receive and process clients‘ requests. In turn, these application servers send the processed requests to the database system. Therefore, the link between each layer is necessary. Compatibility between the different databases is also an indispensable factor. Most importantly, data analysis must incorporate with information system. e. Can you think of any other alternatives? SAS Business Intelligence also offers an integrated, robust and flexible presentation layer for the full breadth of SAS Analytics capabilities, including statistics, predictive analytics, data and text mining, forecasting, and optimization – all integrated within the business context for better, faster decision making. OSI Consulting also provide infrastructure strategy and planning services evaluate and prioritize IT optimization options and define a road map of activities that can reduce costs and improve utilization using time-tested methods and best-practice analysis. 2. Answer all the Questions at the end of the case correctly (50) f. Explain the role of the database in SAPsthree-tier system. The third tier database system, This tier keeps data neutral and independent from application servers or business logic. Giving data its own tier also improves scalability and performance. Database plays the role of the terminal server, can be used to store or access data. g. Explain why distributed architectures are flexible. The distributed architectures enables authorized personnel to have direct access to the database system from the company’s various locations. A distributed database is a database that is under the control of a central database management system in which storage devices are not all attached to a common CPU. It may be stored in multiple computers located in the same physical location, or may be dispersed over a network of interconnected computers. Collections of data can be distributed across multiple physical locations. A distributed database can reside on network servers on the Internet, on corporate intranets or extranets, or on other company networks. Replication and distribution of databases improve database performance at end-user worksites. . Identify some of the business intelligence features included in SAPsbusiness software suite. The SCM module includes essential features such as supply chain monitoring and analysis as well as forecasting, planning, and inventory optimization. The PLM module enables managers to optimize development processes and systems. The ERP module includes, among other applications, the Human Capital Management (HCM) application for personnel administration and development. These features such as â€Å"Talent Manager† as well those for handling employee administration, reporting, and travel and time management. These advanced features allow LEGO’s HR personnel to select the best candidates, schedule their training, and create a stimulus plan to retain them. It is also possible to include performance measurements and get a real-time insight into HR trends. LEGO’s manager able to track employee’s leadership potential, develop their careers, and forecast the recruiting of new employees with certain skills. i. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of having multiple databases in a distributed architecture? Explain. The primary advantage of distributed database systems is the ability to share and access data in a reliable and efficient manner. Advantages: Improved scalability Unlike a single-database system, in which the amount of data that can be stored depends on the limitations of one database, a distributed-database system is easily scalable and, therefore, set up for growth. As more sites or regions become part of the Teamcenter Enterprise network, you can expand the database topology to include new databases. With multiple databases, Teamcenter Enterprise data is divided into logical pieces, so that users usually work only with the data that is most applicable to them. Improved performance The majority of database inserts, queries, updates, and deletions are on user data; therefore, a distributed-database environment separates user data from centralized or shared data and stores it locally. Local user databases reduce network traffic and eliminate network bottlenecks on most transactions. Local user databases also distribute the user load in terms of system resources, such as memory. In addition, a distributed-database environment separates the user data from the data related to operational or background processing, which also reduces the amount of local system resources used. Increased availability Because user databases are independent, if one database is unavailable, other databases can continue to work. In a distributed-database environment, selected classes are replicated in other databases when they are created, deleted, or updated. This replication increases availability. By separating data, administrators have more flexibility in determining the frequency and types of backups needed for different types of data. This also increases availability. Disadvantages: Degradation of performance on a small network One user action can cause activity in several databases, some of which may be remote. The additional overhead of these transactions can be a performance penalty when the total amount of data in the network is small. Users also see slower performance when accessing user data that is not local. Increased use of database space The schema of all databases must be the same, that is, every table must exist in every database. Therefore, database space is used for tables that may never be accessed. When the number of tables is very large, the amount of space used this way can be significant. Administrators must use database storage parameters to size tables and reduce database space consumption.

gossip girl :: essays research papers

From this review: "Nothing I say in this review can bring justice to master storyteller Cecily Von Ziegesar, whose research comes from her own life as an upper eastside, New York City teen. She has a reality-based knack for bringing cigarette-and-pot smoking rich kids into three-dimensional color. As naughty as these characters seem on every page, they are revealed to be real kids wanting to fit into accepted, meaningful lives as much as sleek clothes..† Rich girl Blair Waldorf is about to discover what it’s like to not get her way. Almost seventeen, she has careful plans: to lose her virginity to steady beau Nate and get into Yale. But life has alternate designs. Her mom is marrying a bald-headed dweeb and his dreadlocked son and slobbery dog are moving in. While her mom plans her wedding on the day of Blair’s birthday, Nate starts dodging her instant messages. Blair’s worse fears are coming true : Nate is losing interest. Then she has a total breakdown at her Yale interview, resorting to tears and cheek-kissing – humiliating herself and blowing any chance of getting in. In the meantime, Blair’s ex best friend, perfect-girl Serena is mixing with artsy West-siders, competing with Blair and others in their all-girl school for a prestigious film award. But Serena has her own problems. She is casually dating a West-sider named Dan, who is becoming obsessed. Can his sulky love poems win her heart? Nothing I say in this review can bring justice to master storyteller Cecily Von Ziegesar, whose research comes from her own life as an upper eastside, New York City teen. She has a reality-based knack for bringing cigarette-and-pot smoking rich kids into three-dimensional color. As naughty as these characters seem on every page, they are revealed to be real kids wanting to fit into accepted, meaningful lives as much as sleek clothes. This second GOSSIP GIRL book in the New York Times Bestselling GOSSIP GIRL series is an edgy page-turner. *Fun Notes: In the book, Gossip Girl is an anonymous online character who reports on the latest events in the lives of New York City’s richest teens at her site www.

“a Caring and Supportive Family Is the Main Building Block of a Community.” Discuss.

————————————————- â€Å"A caring and supportive family is the main building block of a community. † Discuss. Family can be defined as a group of people who have blood ties and who usually live under one roof forming a small community. The traditional concept of this would be a man and a woman who have a legal bond living under one roof with their offspring but when circumstances alter this arrangement the subsequent arrangement that arises does not make obsolete the bonds and relationships and the influence each member of that unit has on each other to form values and ethics that would contribute towards the building of communities. As such a caring and supportive family is the main building block of a community as it helps to mould individuals into positive social characters and personalities who contribute towards building a healthy community. However sometimes even though the family is caring and supportive the individual may fail to become one who contributes positively towards building a healthy community, on the other hand there may be individuals who come from dysfunctional families but are able to contribute towards the community because of other factors. The texts that will be used are The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton, Muriel’s Wedding directed by P J Hogan and The Family by Anne Deveson. Firstly a caring and supportive family moulds an individual into a positive social character by building self-esteem and by guiding and helping the individual to realise the potential he or she has. [ts] They may even sacrifice to ensure that the individual is taken care off and disruptions to the individual’s life is minimised thus helping the person face traumatic experiences and eventually develop in them a social conscience to reach out to help the community. On the other hand, when there is no care and support that ensures that the welfare of the individual is secured than the individual may feel cut adrift and may lose all their self-esteem and feel that they are a useless member of society and as such may only focus on their own needs and become insensitive to the needs of others and end up not contributing towards building a better community. This can be seen from the haracters in the novel ‘The Outsiders’ where the two older brothers, Darry and Sodapop, sacrifice their futures and take on the responsibility to hold the family unit together to give stability to the life of their younger brother Ponyboy. They do this so that Ponyboy has the opportunity to fulfil his potential by having a stable home, guidance and support to excel in his studies so that he can have a better life. Pony is eventually able to weather the storms that he faces because his brothers stick by him and support him emotionally and physically. When Pony gets hurt saving the children from the burning church and is sent to the hospital, Darry is at the hospital waiting for him even though it is Pony’s unthinking actions that got Pony into trouble. Darry does not give up and retreat from Ponyboy. In the same token Sodapop does his best to try and help Darry and Pony understand each other. Darry and Sodapop are there for Pony all the time and Darry nurses and cares for him like a mother when Pony collapses after Johnny and Dally’s death. Darry’s perseverance in caring for Ponyboy and Sodapop’s emotional support and understanding eventually manages to shake Pony out of his stupor and depression and he begins to understand his brothers and their needs. This in turn helps Pony to take a grip of his life and come to terms with the grief and trauma of losing loved ones and to move on with his life. It is then that he is able to see that he has a social responsibility to tell people the story of Johnny and Dally so that they can understand boys who live on the wrong side of the cities better. Thus the care and support of his family is what helps Pony through his traumatic experiences and moulds him to be a person who is able to care about others and awakes in him a social conscience which helps to build a strong community. On the other hand Muriel from the movie ‘Muriel’s Wedding’ has little care and support that helps her develop her potential. Her family is dysfunctional. Her father is a corrupt politician who bribes and takes bribes. He is also very loud and bullies his wife and children and constantly makes derogatory remarks about them and especially Muriel all the time. Added to this he also commits adultery and blatantly brings his lover into family gatherings. Muriel does not get any form of guidance from her mother, Betty, who is weak and meek and blinds herself about the state of her marriage by ignoring the blatant adulterous relationship her husband is having with Deidre. Betty seems to cope with these problems by retreating and blurring out details she can’t face. This lack of guidance and bad examples in Muriel’s family results in moulding Muriel into some one who has low self-esteem as well as ethics. She does not think twice about using the blank cheque her mother gives her by mistake and uses all the money in the account in pursuing her own gratification by going to the same resort as her so called friends. Seeing how her Father makes use of friendships for his own gains, Muriel too, later, uses Rhonda’s friendship and support, when she runs away to Sydney, to fulfil her dreams of having a life similar to an Abba song. When Rhonda gets ill, she promises Rhonda to be there for her but eventually dumps Rhonda when she realises that Rhonda will not be able to walk. She deserts her friend who is in need at that point without a tinge of guilt and does not seem to be bothered by the fact that she has betrayed a truly sincere friend. Thus it is clear that Muriel is such a selfish character because of the lack of support and care from her family that have moulded her into a person who could only care for herself and her needs, without any social conscience to look to the needs of another which thus makes her an individual that would not be able to contribute towards building community. A caring and supportive family can also help an individual to develop positive personality traits such as the ability to overcome debilitating circumstances such as poverty and an unstable childhood and take his or her place in the community. On the other hand if the family is dysfunctional, the individual may not be motivated to do anything to get out of the rut and make something of himself or herself by getting a job and contributing positively to the building of the community. We can see how positive family support helps Anne Deveson from the passage titled The Family to learn to deal with her debilitating circumstances of poverty and an unstable childhood. From what she writes we learn that she and her family go through very hard times with points in their life when her parents could barely keep food on their table let alone enjoy the luxury of going for a movie. They have to constantly move and have to share their homes with other families. At one point the family even faces physical separation, yet we know that Anne eventually becomes a successful writer despite this background. Anne herself tells that she was able to do so because no matter how hard life became she did not lack warmth affection and loving. Through all their difficulties the parents always communicate as best they can with the children and persevere in keeping touch with them although they have problems sharing and talking to each other as can be seen at the time Anne’s father would visit her on weekends even though they could not communicate with each other. Anne’s mother’s example also taught her how to be resilient and to cope with problems by focusing on something else. Thus Anne learns never to give up and to face life head on to take her destiny into her own hands and contribute towards the building of a community. Conversely, when a family is dysfunctional, it is difficult for an individual to develop positive character traits that will see them contributing positively towards the building of a community. This can be seen in the character of Muriel’s brother in the movie, Muriel’s Wedding. From the beginning of the movie this character is portrayed as a jobless lout, who sits around watching television all day and orders his mother to do things for him following his father’s example. He also faces verbal abuse from his father who seems to drum into him that he is a useless individual and thus behaves like one too. He, in no way contributes to his family or society. In fact he too becomes a bully like his father and verbally abuses his mother at a time when she is facing emotional trauma because her husband has left her. This insensitivity is probably a catalyst that leads to Betty’s suicide. From this it can be seen that an individual’s home life influences the individual’s character as can be seen in the case of Muriel’s brother who gets no proper guidance from either mother or father. Added to this, he is only exposed to negative behaviour and examples from the father which results in a lazy and loutish character who has no respect for any one not even his own mother. Thus making him an individual who does not seem to have any motivation and interest to make something of himself and so is unable to contribute towards building community. While families that are caring and supportive help individuals to become people who contribute positively towards building a healthy community, there are also times when they may fail because of other factors that also influence the individual. In the same token an individual may come from a dysfunctional family but may be able to contribute positively towards the community because of other factors. This can be seen in the case of Randy from the novel the outsiders. Randy is influenced by the Soc’s and especially his best friend Bob. He joins them in rabble rousing and jumping Greasers. He is also one of those who were with Bob on the night Johnny was jumped and beaten so badly that it caused Johnny to carry a kinfe. As Randy later shares with Ponyboy it becomes obvious that Randy comes from a decent family and one who stands by him in trouble. He is given proper guidance by his father to tell the truth at the inquiry into Bob’s death. From this it can be seen that before Bob’s death Randy had been a destructive person and joined all the acts of aggression and violence of his group despite a family who was loving and caring. At that point of his life Randy was a person who was not capable of contributing towards the building of a community because he just followed his peers without discerning right from wrong. He did not do anything to prevent Bob from doing things that caused harm to others and which eventually cost Bob his life. On the other hand there are also times when the family is dysfunctional and yet the individual develops positive character traits and is able to contribute towards building society. This can be seen in the case of Johnny whose family is dysfunctional. He is abused and neglected and finds shelter with his Greaser friends who do their best to be there for him and support him. At first Johnny’s world is bleak and so negatively impacted by his home life that he shares with Ponyboy that he feels like committing suicide. But after the incident of his killing Bob and running away with Ponyboy, Johnny begins to realise that life can be good. At this point in his life it is his Greaser friends who stand by him. This prompts him to decide to return and face the consequences of his actions rather than drag Ponyboy down with him and become fugitives from the law. This ability to discern and make a life giving decision leads him to take responsibility that he and Ponyboy may have caused the fire and thus go into the burning church to rescue the children. Johnny thus gives his life so that these children may have a chance for a better life than himself. Thus despite coming from a dysfunctional family, Johnny makes decisions that help him achieve personal growth and contribute towards the community because he receives care and support from his friends. In conclusion a caring and supportive family provides an individual with the platform to build self-esteem and realise their potential as well as develop positive personality traits. In this way they can contribute towards the growth of the community. In the same token, despite the fact that they may have a caring and supportive family, ther e are individuals who may fail to contribute positively towards a community and those with dysfunctional families who may end up contributing positively towards a community due to other factors. But the bottom line is that a caring and supportive family is the main building block of the community for we need positive individuals to help influence those who may come from dysfunctional families.

Internet Privacy Essays - 1814 Words

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